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-
- MAIN
- ====
-
- DDLI FAQ
- ~~~~~~~~
-
- Release 1.23 Copyright (C) Fergus Duniho 1994
-
- I have written this FAQ because some people have been asking me the
- same questions over and over again. I have also included questions that
- people who haven't heard of the DDLI may want to have answered. Some of
- these questions may be better answered by people other than myself. If you
- have clearer or more comprehensive answers for some of the questions here,
- please e-mail them to me and tell me you would like me to include them in
- the next version of the FAQ. If you have other questions that you think
- should be answered in the FAQ, please e-mail them to me. If you have the
- answers, please e-mail those to me as well.
-
- 0. "What is the DDLI?"
- 1. "The DDLI & Similar Questionaires"
- 2. "Life Patterns"
- 3. "The Supplementary Questions"
- 4. "Problems"
- 5. "How you can help me improve the DDLI"
- 6. "Where can I get the DDLI?"
-
-
- 0. "What is the DDLI?"
- ======================
-
- DDLI stands for the "Duniho and Duniho Life Pattern Indicator." It
- is a computer program that measures for the same 16 psychological types as
- the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and the Keirsey-Bates Temperament Sorter.
- The DDLI asks you a series of questions in order to determine your life
- pattern. It is written by Fergus Duniho and based on the work of Terence
- Duniho in the field of psychological type. Terence Duniho has supplied
- many of the questions. Fergus has supplied other questions and has had the
- final say on which questions the DDLI asks.
-
- 0.1. "What is the latest version?"
- 0.2. "Is there a paper version of the DDLI?"
-
-
- 0.1. What is the latest version?"
- ---------------------------------
-
- DDLI V3.41 is the latest. It is a bug fix. Here are the changes
- made to the DDLI with V3.40:
-
- * Using the data I have collected from people, I have changed (and
- hopefully improved) the questions. I think the DDLI will be somewhat
- more reliable now.
-
- * When you quit the DDLI with option 6, it will give you the opportunity to
- save your answers before you quit.
-
- * Added to the text that the DDLI displays.
-
- * The DDLI now writes extra text to the raw scores file, and it can read
- raw scores files with extra text at the beginning.
-
- * The DDLI now has you indicate your type by selecting a number instead of
- by writing it in.
-
- * The DDLI now takes fewer lines to write the raw scores file, so that it
- is easier to transmit over the Fidonet.
-
- * OTHER changed to UNIX in the source code, to make it clear that the DDLI
- is compilable on UNIX, and because UNIX is probably what OTHER has meant
- for all practical purposes.
-
-
- 0.2. "Is there a paper version of the DDLI?"
- --------------------------------------------
-
- No, the DDLI is available only as a computer program. I do not
- want there to be a paper version right now. The DDLI is currently in its
- earliest stages of testing, and it is much easier for me to collect and
- use raw scores that have been generated by a computer than it would be to
- transcribe raw scores from paper to a computer.
-
- Furthermore, because the DDLI is in testing, the questions are
- bound to sometimes change at a moment's notice. It is easier to propagate
- these changes if the DDLI remains solely in electronic format.
-
- Also, the tallying of the scores requires many tedious calculations
- that are better left to a computer. These calculations go well beyond
- mere counting, which is all that the KBTS requires. It involves
- addition, and it involves algorithmic decision procedures that are best
- done by someone who understands the intricacies of the life pattern model
- or by someone who can follow instructions to the letter. With the computer
- version, you get to see your results immediately. With a paper version,
- you would spend time doing calculations that some people might find too
- difficult.
-
-
- 1. "The DDLI & Similar Questionaires"
- =====================================
-
- 1.1. "The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator"
- 1.2. "The Keirsey-Bates Temperament Sorter"
-
-
- 1.1. "The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator"
- --------------------------------------
-
- The MBTI is a personality indicator that tests you on four
- different sets of preferences in order to arrive at a four-letter type
- which indicates which preference out of each four you have. The four pairs
- of preferences are:
-
- Extraversion vs. Introversion
-
- Sensing vs. iNtuition
-
- Thinking vs. Feeling
-
- Judging vs. Perceiving
-
- I have capitalized the letter in each preference that represents it
- in the type name. With the exception of intuition, each preference is
- represented by the first letter in its name. Intuition is represented by
- the letter "N" because introversion has already taken the letter "I".
-
- The MBTI was the creation of Isabel Myers, who devised with her
- mother, Katherine Briggs, a personality type system based on Carl Jung's
- psychological types.
-
- 1.1.1. "How does the DDLI compare with the MBTI?"
- 1.1.2. "Does the DDLI have any advantages over the MBTI?"
-
-
- 1.1.1. "How does the DDLI compare with the MBTI?"
- -------------------------------------------------
-
- I have never tested the DDLI's reliability against the MBTI.
- However, the MBTI is probably more reliable. The MBTI has been tested
- extensively, whereas the DDLI is still in its earliest stages of testing.
-
-
- 1.1.2. "Does the DDLI have any advantages over the MBTI?"
- ---------------------------------------------------------
-
- The DDLI has some features that the MBTI does not have. These
- might be advantages. First, the DDLI asks you to rank each of your
- preferences on a scale of 1 to 7. This allows you to rank how important
- each preference is, which may add to the DDLI's reliability. Second, the
- DDLI tests for additional preferences that the MBTI does not test for.
- This provides a check on the DDLI's results, a check which the MBTI just
- does not provide.
-
-
- 1.2. "The Keirsey-Bates Temperament Sorter"
- -------------------------------------------
-
- The KBTS is a personality indicator that appears in the book
- _Please Understand Me_ by Keirsey and Bates. There are some freely
- distributable computer program versions of this. I have seen one for the
- PC and one for the Amiga.
-
-
- 2. "Life Patterns"
- ==================
-
- "Life Pattern" is the term that Terence Duniho has chosen to use
- for the psychological types that the MBTI measures for.
-
- QUESTION:
-
- How could someone's J/P type be determined by what they use for
- extraverting?
-
- ANSWER:
-
- It's not that your J/P type is determined by what you use for
- extraverting. Nor is it that what you use for extraverting determines your
- J/P type. Rather, both are ways of identifying aspects of a single pattern,
- and knowledge of either can be used to reveal knowledge of the other. IOW,
- "because" doesn't signify any causal relation. But it does signify a
- logical relation. To be a P is to prefer a perceiving function for
- extraverting. That is an analytic statement. It simply indicates what "P"
- means.
-
- When Jung wrote about psychological types, he wrote about a
- preference for extraversion or introversion, for sensing or intuition, and
- for feeling or thinking, but he did not write about a preference for
- judging or perceiving. Jung identified eight different functions and
- divided people into eight different types depending upon which function was
- dominant. These eight functions were extraverted and introverted versions
- of thinking, feeling, sensing, and intuition. Jung further split these
- eight types into sixteen by taking into account auxiliary functions.
-
- According to Jung, anyone whose dominant function was introverted
- would have an extraverted auxiliary function, and anyone whose dominant
- function was extraverted would have an introverted auxiliary function. He
- also distinguished between judging functions (thinking, feeling) and
- perceiving functions (sensing, intuition), and he held that the auxiliary
- was a perceiving function when the dominant was a judging function, and
- that it was a judging function otherwise. These two restrictions limited
- the number of possible auxiliaries for each type to two rather than seven.
- This is what accounts for the total of sixteen types.
-
- Myers and Briggs, for whatever reason, wanted to represent each of
- Jung's sixteen types by four-letter abbreviations. If they just stuck to
- the three sets of preferences that Jung wrote about, they would have eight
- types, and these types would not correspond to Jung's eight basic types.
- This is because an abbreviation such as INF would not tell whether someone
- was an introverted intuitive with feeling as an auxiliary or an introverted
- feeler with intuition as an auxiliary.
-
- In order to make distinctions such as this, they added the J/P
- preference. This preference indicates whether the function you prefer to
- extravert with is a judging function or a perceiving function. This is the
- dominant function for extraverts and the auxiliary function for introverts.
- Thus, the dominant function for an EP is a perceiving function, and the
- dominant function for an EJ is a judging function. For introverts, this is
- reversed. The dominant function for an IP is a judging function, and the
- dominant function for an IJ is a perceiving function.
-
- QUESTION:
-
- I thought the I/E scale and the J/P scale were independent.
-
- ANSWER:
-
- They are independent insofar as what you are on one scale does
- not strictly determine what you are on the other. But when you
- include other information, such as whether a person is rational or
- a-rational, knowledge of one of these preferences will tell you what
- the other is. For example, all rational P's are I's.
-
- QUESTION:
-
- You said "Thinking, Feeling, iNtuition, and Sensing are the four
- functions. These can be introverted and extraverted." Does this meaning of
- "introverted" and "extraverted" have anything to do with the I/E scale?
-
- ANSWER:
-
- Yes. The I/E scale indicates whether your dominant function
- is introverted or extraverted. It is extraverted for E's and
- introverted for I's. It also indicates the same sort of thing for the
- other functions. The auxiliary function and the fourth function are
- introverted for E's and extraverted for I's. The tertiary function is
- extraverted for E's and introverted for I's.
-
- QUESTION:
-
- It seems not, since the I/E scale is about where a person gets
- their energy.
-
- ANSWER:
-
- That is just another way of understanding the I/E dichotomy.
- It is useful as far as it goes. But it does not help us translate
- between Jung's psychological types and the types of the MBTI. For
- Jung, an introvert is someone whose dominant function is introverted,
- and an extravert is someone whose dominant function is extraverted.
- These are the analytic definitions for what introverts and extraverts
- are. To say that this scale also corresponds to where a person gets
- her energy is to make an empirical statement.
-
-
- 3. "The Supplementary Questions"
- ================================
-
- QUESTION:
-
- What preferences do the supplementary questions measure?
-
- ANSWER:
-
- There are five other sets of preferences, and these five collapse
- into three. They are:
-
- Extraverted Thinking vs. Introverted Thinking
-
- Extraverted Feeling vs. Introverted Feeling
-
- Extraverted Sensing vs. Introverted Sensing
-
- Extraverted Intuition vs. Introverted Intuition
-
- Rationality vs. A-rationality
-
- These are not additional preferences that allow us to expand the
- number of types we have. Rather, they correlate with the four basic types
- measured by the MBTI. Here are the correlations:
-
- TJs and FPs prefer extraverted thinking and introverted feeling.
-
- TPs and FJs prefer introverted thinking and extraverted feeling.
-
- SJs and NPs prefer introverted sensing and extraverted intuition.
-
- SPs and NJs prefer extraverted sensing and introverted intuition.
-
- EJs and IPs prefer rationality.
-
- EPs and IJs prefer a-rationality.
-
- As you may notice, the thinking and feeling preferences collapse
- together, as do the sensing and intuition preferences. So here is what the
- DDLI measures for in addition to what the MBTI measures for:
-
- Extraverted Thinking and Introverted Feeling vs. Introverted
- Thinking and Extraverted Feeling
-
- Extraverted Sensing and Introverted Intuition vs. Introverted
- Sensing and Extraverted Intuition.
-
- Rationality vs. A-rationality.
-
-
- 4. "Problems"
- =============
-
- 4.1. "My supplementary scores conflict."
- 4.2. "The scores file overwrote the results file."
- 4.3. "The DDLI would be even better with a no preference option."
-
-
- 4.1. "My supplementary scores conflict."
- ----------------------------------------
-
- The supplementary questions measure for preferences which
- four-letter opposites share in common. I discussed these preferences in
- the previous section. Take any two opposite types, such as INTP and ESFJ,
- and use the above information to determine which other preferences they
- have. For example, INTPs and ESFJs are both rational types who prefer
- introverted thinking, introverted sensing, extraverted feeling, and
- extraverted intuition.
-
- In short, the supplementary questions are supposed to result in two
- opposite types for everyone.
-
-
- 4.2. "The scores file overwrote the results file."
- --------------------------------------------------
-
- This happened because you saved them under the same name.
- Fortunately, the DDLI can recreate the results file from the scores file.
- Run the DDLI with the scores file name as a command line argument. Instead
- of asking you questions, the DDLI will read your answers from the scores
- file and give you the results.
-
-
- 4.3. "The DDLI would be even better with a no preference option."
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Version 3.20 gives you that option.
-
-
- 5. "How you can help me improve the DDLI"
- =========================================
-
- Send me your raw scores and the raw scores of friends and family.
- Once I have collected raw scores from every type, I will feed them all into
- a program that will tell me how reliable each question is. I will then
- get rid of bad questions and replace some with other questions.
-
- Bear in mind that I cannot use your raw scores unless they include
- your type. If you don't know your type when the raw scores file is
- created, please figure out what your type is before you send me your raw
- scores. Please also bear in mind that you can corrupt my data if you send
- me your scores and tell me that you're a type you're actually not. So
- please be sure of what your type is if you send me your scores. Don't just
- trust the DDLI to tell you what it is. Check up on what the DDLI tells
- you.
-
- My purpose behind collecting the raw scores is to find out which
- questions accurately measure what they are supposed to measure, so as to
- weed out those that don't work well. If you don't include your type with
- your raw scores, I cannot use your raw scores to tell whether the questions
- accurately indicated your type.
-
- You can send your scores to fdnh@troi.cc.rochester.edu on the
- Internet or to Fergus Duniho @ 1:2613/278 on the Fidonet.
-
-
- 6. "Where can I get the DDLI?"
- ==============================
-
- As of now (18 February 1994), I compile separate versions for the
- Amiga and for MS-DOS machines. They are available via ftp, ftp-mail,
- F'REQ, or a direct call to a BBS. DDLI330.lha contains the Amiga version,
- and DDLI330.zip (or ddli330.zip) contains the MS-DOS version. Here is
- where I normally put them:
-
- DDLI330.lha for the Amiga:
-
- FileWorks BBS
- Node 1 (716) 377-0719
- Node 2 (716) 377-3695
- Fidonet 1:2613/278
-
- The Aminet
- ftp.wustl.edu and other aminet mirrors
- /pub/aminet/misc/misc/DDLI320.lha
-
- DDLI330.zip for MS-DOS:
-
- The Neutral Zone BBS
- (716) 865-8884
- Fidonet 1:2613/336
-
- The SimTel Software Repository
- /pub/msdos/educatin/ddli330.zip
-
- Via Usenet: The newsgroup alt.personality.psychology
-
- Joe Butt puts the separate files for the DDLI on sunsite.unc.edu in
- the directory /pub/academic/psychology/alt.psychology.personality/ddli.
-
- If you regularly put the latest version of the DDLI someplace,
- please let me know.
-
-